![]() ![]() ![]() More recently, reconciliation was used in 2010 to amend the Affordable Care Act and modify the federal student loan program, in 2017 to enact large tax cuts, and in 2021 to enact additional COVID-19 relief though the American Rescue Plan. Policymakers used reconciliation to enact major spending cuts during President Reagan’s first year in office, several deficit-reduction packages during the 1980s and 1990s, changes to the nation’s cash assistance program in 1996, and the large Bush tax cuts in 20. Policymakers have enacted 22 budget reconciliation bills since the process was established in 1974 Congress approved five other reconciliation bills but the President vetoed them. How Often Have Policymakers Used Reconciliation? This paper addresses some frequently asked questions about reconciliation. In the Senate, reconciliation bills aren’t subject to filibuster and the scope of amendments is limited, giving this process real advantages for enacting controversial budget and tax measures. Created by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, reconciliation allows for expedited consideration of certain tax, spending, and debt limit legislation. Congress sometimes uses a special legislative process called “reconciliation” to quickly advance high-priority fiscal legislation. ![]()
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